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Not only archaeological excavations, but also ancient Egyptian inscriptions on the walls of tombs and pyramids, sarcophagus and stele, provide rich material about ancient Egyptian medicine. E.g. The wall of the chief architect of the V dynasty of Egypt, Nefirirka-Ras ( c. XXV century), says that on the wall of the chief architect Uash-ptaka, he died suddenly before Pharaoh. This is the oldest report of an illness that resembles stroke or myocardial infarction. Ancient historians also testify to the existence of ancient medical papyrus. E.g. The manifesto informs us that I The second king of the dynasty, Atotis, was a skilled physician and compiled a medical text on human development. One of the departments of the Kakhun Papyrus (c. 1800 BC) is dedicated to premature and late childbirth and the other to animal treatment. The Bruges Papyrus (ca. 1450-1350 BC) is the oldest documented papyrus documented to treat childhood diseases. The Berlin papyrus (about 1300 BC) is dedicated to vascular diseases. The most complete information on ancient Egyptian medicine is given by two papyri: Ebers (about 1550 BC) a great medical papyri and a treatise on surgery - Smith's papyri, which is supposed to have been earlier by Ch. Sec. Accounting IIIThe millennium should be drawn by the legendary doctor Imhotep. Ebers papyrus consists of 108 sheets, with a total length of 20.5 m. It contains descriptions of up to 900 drugs. Here are the rules for making medicines for the treatment of digestive, respiratory, ear-nose-nose, burns, bleeding, eye disease, skin, parasitic and other diseases and justify its title: "The Book of Medicines for All Parts of the Body." From the texts before us It is older than the Vela, which is 4.68 m long and 33 cm wide papyrus ribbon and consists of 17 columns. Here are 48 cases of bone, brain, neck, forearm, thoracic cage, spine injuries and their treatment.
The study of Egyptian mummies also gives specific accounts of the diseases of the ancient Egyptians. For example, diseases of the joints and bones (osteosarcoma, poliomyelitis, Nikris wind, etc.), jaw and tooth, vascular (atherosclerosis), parasitic, infectious (flower, malaria, plague) and other diseases. Severe infectious diseases such as flower, malaria, and black plague were also known to the ancient Egyptians. This is evidenced by the writings of historians, flower buds on Ramses II, black mummy sticks and other evidence.
The tradition of mummification has greatly contributed to the development of medical knowledge in ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians believed deeply in worldly life, tried to protect the deceased's body from decomposition, and pursued mummification for this purpose. The people arrested in this case were called Tariqevis. Herodotus, who traveled to Egypt, gave us a description of the methods of mummification. According to him, the Egyptians paid great attention to the hygiene rules. Here is what Herodotus writes about: The Egyptians “drink only water from the brass vessels which they shave every day, wear canvas cloth, and take care of its cleanliness every day, which they do with great care. The circumcision is also worn for purity. They prefer to be cleaner than beauties. Kurums shave their whole bodies every day to protect themselves from tulips and other parasites. Wear papyrus shoes. ”
The ancient Egyptians had a profound knowledge of human organs. Important among these are the brain tracts described earlier. According to them, brain damage caused other organs. The heart was special. Eberst's Etrat says that it is in the knowledge of the secret heart of all doctors' mastery.
Unhealthy food was considered the most important cause of diseases in ancient Egypt. According to Herodotus, the ancient Egyptians used to cleanse their stomachs three times a month. In addition, the cause of human illness was believed to be the spirits of the deceased, which they sought to remove from the body by the addition of unpleasant flavors and nutrients to the food.
According to ancient Egyptian religion, the chief deity associated with the treatment was Ishida. And the patron saint of doctors was considered a lion-headed sword. Isida was seen as a spirit of magic treatment and at the same time a protector of children. It was a symbol of motherhood and fertility. He was able to resurrect a son bitten by a snake. Isida also survived the secrets of Azira's treatment. The drugs named Isida were also known in ancient Rome and are mentioned in the books of Halen.
Ancient infectious diseases such as flower, malaria, and plague were common in ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt was a great hub for severe worms, diarrhea and intestinal schistosomiasis. These diseases are described in the papyri of Ebers, Kherst, Berlin and London. These ancient texts tell us that the hallmarks of these diseases were the presence of worms in the body, blood in the urine ("Egyptian hematuria"), damage to the rectum and diarrhea. Microscopic studies of Egyptian mummies of the XX Dynasty (11th century BC) confirmed the presence of fattened eggs in the kidneys causing urinary tract schistosomiasis. The spread of this disease in ancient Egypt and later ancient Mesopotamia, as well as in Asia, Africa and the Americas, contributed to the existence of molluscs in the irrigation system,
The dentist profession has existed in Egypt since time immemorial. A study of mummies showed that in ancient Egypt, severe inflammation of the bone was widespread, causing jaw changes and protecting the teeth during the illness. In ancient Egypt, the tooth treatment was conservative and expired using toothpastes and pastes on tooth or diseased gums. The Ebers Papyrus describes 11 drugs that help to heal the mouth and strengthen teeth, cure inflammation of the gums, and worsen toothache. The papyrus describes a case of a fallen lower jaw.
The Greeks referred to the Egyptians as "inventors" of medicine because of their rich medical traditions.